Inxi – 功能强大且丰富的 Linux 命令行系统信息工具
Inxi是一个功能强大且出色的命令行系统信息脚本，专为控制台和IRC（Internet Relay Chat）而设计。它可用于即时推断用户系统配置和硬件信息，也可用作调试和论坛技术支持工具。
它显示有关系统硬件（硬盘、声卡、显卡、网卡、CPU、RAM 等）的方便信息，以及有关驱动程序、Xorg、桌面环境、内核、GCC 版本、进程、正常运行时间、内存和各种其他有用信息的系统信息。
但是，命令行和 IRC 的输出略有不同，有一些默认过滤器和颜色选项适用于 IRC 使用。支持的 IRC 客户端包括：BitchX、Gaim/Pidgin、ircII、Irssi、Konversation、Kopete、KSirc、KVIrc、Weechat 和 Xchat 以及任何其他能够显示内置或外部 Inxi 输出的客户端。
如何在 Linux 系统中安装 Inxi
Inix在大多数主流 Linux 发行版存储库中都有提供，并且也可以在 BSD 上运行。
$ sudo apt-get install inxi [On Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint] $ sudo yum install inxi [On CentOs/RHEL/Fedora] $ sudo dnf install inxi [On Fedora 22+]
在开始使用它之前，我们可以运行下面的命令来检查所有应用程序依赖项以及推荐和各种目录，并显示我们需要安装哪些包来添加对给定功能的支持。
$ inxi --recommends
Inxi 检查
inxi will now begin checking for the programs it needs to operate. First a check of the main languages and tools inxi uses. Python is only for debugging data collection. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bash version: 4.3.42(1)-release Gawk version: 4.1.3, Sed version: Sudo version: 1.8.16 Python version: 2.7.12 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test One: Required System Directories (Linux Only). If one of these system directories is missing, inxi cannot operate: /proc....................................................................... Present /sys........................................................................ Present All the directories are present. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test Two: Required Core Applications. If one of these applications is missing, inxi cannot operate: df (info: partition data)................................................... /bin/df gawk (info: core tool)...................................................... /usr/bin/gawk grep (info: string search).................................................. /bin/grep lspci (info: hardware data)................................................. /usr/bin/lspci ps (info: process data)..................................................... /bin/ps readlink.................................................................... /bin/readlink sed (info: string replace).................................................. /bin/sed tr (info: character replace)................................................ /usr/bin/tr uname (info: kernel data)................................................... /bin/uname wc (info: word character count)............................................. /usr/bin/wc All the applications are present. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test Three: Script Recommends for Graphics Features. NOTE: If you do not use X these do not matter (like a headless server). Otherwise, if one of these applications is missing, inxi will have incomplete output: glxinfo (info: -G glx info)................................................. /usr/bin/glxinfo xdpyinfo (info: -G multi screen resolution)................................. /usr/bin/xdpyinfo xprop (info: -S desktop data)............................................... /usr/bin/xprop xrandr (info: -G single screen resolution).................................. /usr/bin/xrandr All the applications are present. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test Four: Script Recommends for Remaining Features. If one of these applications is missing, inxi will have incomplete output: dig (info: -i first wlan ip default test)................................... /usr/bin/dig dmidecode (info: -M if no sys machine data; -m memory)...................... /usr/sbin/dmidecode file (info: -o unmounted file system)....................................... /usr/bin/file hciconfig (info: -n -i bluetooth data)...................................... /bin/hciconfig hddtemp (info: -Dx show hdd temp)........................................... /usr/sbin/hddtemp ifconfig (info: -i ip lan-deprecated)....................................... /sbin/ifconfig ip (info: -i ip lan)........................................................ /sbin/ip sensors (info: -s sensors output)........................................... /usr/bin/sensors strings (info: -I sysvinit version)......................................... /usr/bin/strings lsusb (info: -A usb audio;-N usb networking)................................ /usr/bin/lsusb modinfo (info: -Ax,-Nx module version)...................................... /sbin/modinfo runlevel (info: -I runlevel)................................................ /sbin/runlevel sudo (info: -Dx hddtemp-user;-o file-user).................................. /usr/bin/sudo uptime (info: -I uptime (check which package owns Debian)).................. /usr/bin/uptime All the applications are present. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test Five: Script Recommends for Remaining Features. One of these downloaders needed for options -i/-w/-W (-U/-! [11-15], if supported): wget (info: -i wan ip;-w/-W;-U/-! [11-15] (if supported))................... /usr/bin/wget curl (info: -i wan ip;-w/-W;-U/-! [11-15] (if supported))................... /usr/bin/curl All the applications are present. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test Six: System Directories for Various Information. (Unless otherwise noted, these are for GNU/Linux systems) If one of these directories is missing, inxi may have incomplete output: /sys/class/dmi/id (info: -M system, motherboard, bios)...................... Present /dev (info: -l,-u,-o,-p,-P,-D disk partition data).......................... Present /dev/disk/by-label (info: -l,-o,-p,-P partition labels)..................... Present /dev/disk/by-uuid (info: -u,-o,-p,-P partition uuid)........................ Present All the directories are present. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test Seven: System Files for Various Information. (Unless otherwise noted, these are for GNU/Linux systems) If one of these files is missing, inxi may have incomplete output: /proc/asound/cards (info: -A sound card data)............................... Present /proc/asound/version (info: -A ALSA data)................................... Present /proc/cpuinfo (info: -C cpu data)........................................... Present /etc/lsb-release (info: -S distro version data [deprecated])................ Present /proc/mdstat (info: -R mdraid data)......................................... Present /proc/meminfo (info: -I memory data)........................................ Present /etc/os-release (info: -S distro version data).............................. Present /proc/partitions (info: -p,-P partitions data).............................. Present /proc/modules (info: -G module data)........................................ Present /proc/mounts (info: -P,-p partition advanced data).......................... Present /var/run/dmesg.boot (info: -D,-d disk data [BSD only])...................... Missing /proc/scsi/scsi (info: -D Advanced hard disk data [used rarely])............ Present /var/log/Xorg.0.log (info: -G graphics driver load status).................. Present The following files are missing from your system: File: /var/run/dmesg.boot --------------------------------------------------------------------------- All tests completed.
Linux 中 Inxi 工具的基本用法
以下是我们可以用来收集机器和系统信息的一些基本的Inxi选项。
显示 Linux 系统信息
当不使用任何标志运行时，Inxi将产生与系统 CPU、内核、正常运行时间、内存大小、硬盘大小、进程数、使用的客户端和 inxi 版本相关的输出：
$ inxi CPU~Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) speed/max~2164/2700 MHz Kernel~4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 Up~3:15 Mem~3122.0/7879.9MB HDD~1000.2GB(20.0% used) Procs~234 Client~Shell inxi~2.2.35
显示 Linux 内核和发行版信息
以下命令将使用标志显示示例系统信息（主机名、内核信息、桌面环境和 disto）-S：
$ inxi -S
System: Host: Example Kernel: 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Cinnamon 3.0.7
Distro: Linux Mint 18 Sarah
查找 Linux 笔记本电脑或 PC 型号信息
-M要打印与产品详细信息（系统、产品 ID、版本、主板、型号、BIOS 等）相同的机器数据，我们可以使用以下选项：
$ inxi -M
Machine: System: LENOVO (portable) product: 20354 v: Lenovo Z50-70
Mobo: LENOVO model: Lancer 5A5 v: 31900059WIN Bios: LENOVO v: 9BCN26WW date: 07/31/2014
查找 Linux CPU 和 CPU 速度信息
-C我们可以使用以下标志显示完整的 CPU 信息，包括每个 CPU 的时钟速度和 CPU 最大速度（如果可用） ：
$ inxi -C
CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB
clock speeds: max: 2700 MHz 1: 1942 MHz 2: 1968 MHz 3: 1734 MHz 4: 1710 MHz
在 Linux 中查找显卡信息
该选项-G可用于显示显卡信息（卡类型、显示服务器、分辨率、GLX 渲染器和 GLX 版本），如下所示：
$ inxi -G
Graphics: Card-1: Intel Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller
Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce 840M]
Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1920x1080@60.05hz
GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Haswell Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.0
在 Linux 中查找音频/声卡信息
为了获取有关系统音频/声卡的信息，我们使用以下-A标志：
$ inxi -A
Audio: Card-1 Intel 8 Series HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel Sound: ALSA v: k4.4.0-21-generic
Card-2 Intel Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel
查找Linux网卡信息
要显示网卡信息，我们可以使用-N标志：
$ inxi -N
Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169
Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be
查找 Linux 硬盘信息
要查看完整的硬盘信息（大小、ID、型号），我们可以使用以下标志-D：
$ inxi -D Drives: HDD Total Size: 1000.2GB (20.0% used) ID-1: /dev/sda model: ST1000LM024_HN size: 1000.2GB
一起总结完整的Linux系统信息
为了显示汇总的系统信息；结合以上所有信息，我们需要使用-b以下标志：
$ inxi -b
System: Host: Example Kernel: 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Cinnamon 3.0.7
Distro: Linux Mint 18 Sarah
Machine: System: LENOVO (portable) product: 20354 v: Lenovo Z50-70
Mobo: LENOVO model: Lancer 5A5 v: 31900059WIN Bios: LENOVO v: 9BCN26WW date: 07/31/2014
CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) speed/max: 2018/2700 MHz
Graphics: Card-1: Intel Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller
Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce 840M]
Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1920x1080@60.05hz
GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Haswell Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.0
Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169
Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be
Drives: HDD Total Size: 1000.2GB (20.0% used)
Info: Processes: 233 Uptime: 3:23 Memory: 3137.5/7879.9MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35
查找 Linux 硬盘分区详细信息
下一个命令将使我们能够查看硬盘分区的完整列表，包括大小、已用和可用空间、文件系统以及每个分区上的文件系统类型，并使用标志-p：
$ inxi -p
Partition: ID-1: / size: 324G used: 183G (60%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda10
ID-2: swap-1 size: 4.00GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap dev: /dev/sda9
显示完整的 Linux 系统信息
为了显示完整的 Inxi 输出，我们使用-F如下标志（请注意，出于安全原因，某些数据会被过滤，例如 WAN IP）：
$ inxi -F
System: Host: Example Kernel: 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Cinnamon 3.0.7
Distro: Linux Mint 18 Sarah
Machine: System: LENOVO (portable) product: 20354 v: Lenovo Z50-70
Mobo: LENOVO model: Lancer 5A5 v: 31900059WIN Bios: LENOVO v: 9BCN26WW date: 07/31/2014
CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB
clock speeds: max: 2700 MHz 1: 1716 MHz 2: 1764 MHz 3: 1776 MHz 4: 1800 MHz
Graphics: Card-1: Intel Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller
Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce 840M]
Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1920x1080@60.05hz
GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Haswell Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.0
Audio: Card-1 Intel 8 Series HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel Sound: ALSA v: k4.4.0-21-generic
Card-2 Intel Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel
Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169
IF: enp1s0 state: up speed: 100 Mbps duplex: full mac: 28:d2:44:eb:bd:98
Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be
IF: wlp2s0 state: down mac: 38:b1:db:7c:78:c7
Drives: HDD Total Size: 1000.2GB (20.0% used) ID-1: /dev/sda model: ST1000LM024_HN size: 1000.2GB
Partition: ID-1: / size: 324G used: 183G (60%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda10
ID-2: swap-1 size: 4.00GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap dev: /dev/sda9
RAID: No RAID devices: /proc/mdstat, md_mod kernel module present
Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 56.0C mobo: N/A
Fan Speeds (in rpm): cpu: N/A
Info: Processes: 234 Uptime: 3:26 Memory: 3188.9/7879.9MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35
使用 Inxi 工具监控 Linux 系统
以下是用于监控 Linux 系统进程、正常运行时间、内存等的一些选项。
监视Linux进程内存使用情况
获取与进程总数、正常运行时间和内存使用情况相关的系统信息摘要：
$ inxi -I Info: Processes: 232 Uptime: 3:35 Memory: 3256.3/7879.9MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35
按 CPU 和内存使用情况监控进程
默认情况下，它可以帮助我们确定消耗 CPU 或内存最多的前 5 个进程。与(CPU) 和/或(memory) 选项-t一起使用的选项列出了消耗 CPU 和/或内存最多的前 5 个最活跃的进程，如下所示：cm
----------------- Linux CPU Usage -----------------
$ inxi -t c
Processes: CPU: % used - top 5 active
1: cpu: 53.7% command: plugin-container pid: 3066
2: cpu: 20.0% command: java pid: 1527
3: cpu: 19.7% command: firefox pid: 3018
4: cpu: 4.6% command: Xorg pid: 2114
5: cpu: 3.0% command: cinnamon pid: 2835
----------------- Linux Memoery Usage -----------------
$ inxi -t m
Processes: Memory: MB / % used - Used/Total: 3212.5/7879.9MB - top 5 active
1: mem: 980.51MB (12.4%) command: plugin-container pid: 3066
2: mem: 508.96MB (6.4%) command: java pid: 1527
3: mem: 507.89MB (6.4%) command: firefox pid: 3018
4: mem: 244.05MB (3.0%) command: chrome pid: 7405
5: mem: 211.46MB (2.6%) command: chrome pid: 6146
----------------- Linux CPU and Memory Usage -----------------
$ inxi -t cm
Processes: CPU: % used - top 5 active
1: cpu: 53.7% command: plugin-container pid: 3066
2: cpu: 20.0% command: java pid: 1527
3: cpu: 19.7% command: firefox pid: 3018
4: cpu: 4.6% command: Xorg pid: 2114
5: cpu: 3.0% command: cinnamon pid: 2835
Memory: MB / % used - Used/Total: 3223.6/7879.9MB - top 5 active
1: mem: 991.93MB (12.5%) command: plugin-container pid: 3066
2: mem: 508.96MB (6.4%) command: java pid: 1527
3: mem: 507.86MB (6.4%) command: firefox pid: 3018
4: mem: 244.45MB (3.1%) command: chrome pid: 7405
5: mem: 211.68MB (2.6%) command: chrome pid: 6146
我们可以使用cm数字（数字可以是 1-20）来指定除 5 之外的数字，下面的命令将向我们显示消耗 CPU 和内存最多的 10 个进程。
$ inxi -t cm10
Processes: CPU: % used - top 10 active
1: cpu: 53.4% command: plugin-container pid: 3066
2: cpu: 19.8% command: java pid: 1527
3: cpu: 19.5% command: firefox pid: 3018
4: cpu: 4.5% command: Xorg pid: 2114
5: cpu: 3.0% command: cinnamon pid: 2835
6: cpu: 2.8% command: chrome pid: 7405
7: cpu: 1.1% command: pulseaudio pid: 2733
8: cpu: 1.0% command: soffice.bin pid: 7799
9: cpu: 0.9% command: chrome pid: 5763
10: cpu: 0.5% command: chrome pid: 6179
Memory: MB / % used - Used/Total: 3163.1/7879.9MB - top 10 active
1: mem: 976.82MB (12.3%) command: plugin-container pid: 3066
2: mem: 511.70MB (6.4%) command: java pid: 1527
3: mem: 466.01MB (5.9%) command: firefox pid: 3018
4: mem: 244.40MB (3.1%) command: chrome pid: 7405
5: mem: 203.71MB (2.5%) command: chrome pid: 6146
6: mem: 199.74MB (2.5%) command: chrome pid: 5763
7: mem: 168.30MB (2.1%) command: cinnamon pid: 2835
8: mem: 165.51MB (2.1%) command: soffice.bin pid: 7799
9: mem: 158.91MB (2.0%) command: chrome pid: 6179
10: mem: 151.83MB (1.9%) command: mysqld pid: 1259
监控Linux网络接口
以下命令将显示高级网卡信息，包括接口、速度、mac id、状态、IP 等：
$ inxi -Nni
Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169
IF: enp1s0 state: up speed: 100 Mbps duplex: full mac: 28:d2:44:eb:bd:98
Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be
IF: wlp2s0 state: down mac: 38:b1:db:7c:78:c7
WAN IP: 111.91.115.195 IF: wlp2s0 ip-v4: N/A
IF: enp1s0 ip-v4: 192.168.0.103
监控Linux CPU温度和风扇速度
我们可以使用-s选项来跟踪硬件安装/配置的传感器输出：
$ inxi -s
Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 53.0C mobo: N/A
Fan Speeds (in rpm): cpu: N/A
在 Linux 中查找天气报告
我们还可以查看当前位置的信息（尽管使用的 API 不可靠）或者-w设置-W <different_location>不同的位置。
$ inxi -w Weather: Conditions: 93 F (34 C) - smoke Time: February 20, 1:38 PM IST $ inxi -W Mumbai,India Weather: Conditions: 93 F (34 C) - smoke Time: February 20, 1:38 PM IST $ inxi -W Nairobi,Kenya Weather: Conditions: 70 F (21 C) - Mostly Cloudy Time: February 20, 11:08 AM EAT
查找所有 Linux 存储库信息
我们还可以使用该-r标志查看发行版存储库数据：
$ inxi -r
Repos: Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/dawidd0811-neofetch-xenial.list
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/dawidd0811/neofetch/ubuntu xenial main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/dawidd0811/neofetch/ubuntu xenial main
Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/dhor-myway-xenial.list
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/dhor/myway/ubuntu xenial main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/dhor/myway/ubuntu xenial main
Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/official-package-repositories.list
deb http://packages.linuxmint.com sarah main upstream import backport
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ xenial partner
Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/qbittorrent-team-qbittorrent-stable-xenial.list
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/qbittorrent-team/qbittorrent-stable/ubuntu xenial main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/qbittorrent-team/qbittorrent-stable/ubuntu xenial main
Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/slgobinath-safeeyes-xenial.list
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/slgobinath/safeeyes/ubuntu xenial main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/slgobinath/safeeyes/ubuntu xenial main
Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/snwh-pulp-xenial.list
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/snwh/pulp/ubuntu xenial main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/snwh/pulp/ubuntu xenial main
Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/twodopeshaggy-jarun-xenial.list
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/twodopeshaggy/jarun/ubuntu xenial main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/twodopeshaggy/jarun/ubuntu xenial main
Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu-mozilla-security-ppa-xenial.list
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-mozilla-security/ppa/ubuntu xenial main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-mozilla-security/ppa/ubuntu xenial main
要查看当前安装的版本、快速帮助以及打开手册页以获取完整的选项列表和详细的使用信息等，请输入：
$ inxi -v #show version $ inxi -h #quick help $ man inxi #open man page
欲了解更多信息，请访问官方 GitHub 仓库：https://github.com/smxi/inxi
现在就这些了！在本文中，我们回顾了 Inxi，这是一款功能齐全、性能卓越的命令行工具，用于收集机器硬件和系统信息。这是我用过的最好的基于 CLI 的 Linux硬件/系统信息收集工具之一。
要分享您的想法，请使用下面的评论表。最后，如果您知道其他像 Inxi 一样有用的工具，您可以告诉我们，我们也很乐意对它们进行评论。