如何在 Linux 上使用 Dmidecode 命令获取硬件信息
在本文中，我们将了解如何使用Dmidecode命令检索任何 Linux 系统的硬件信息。假设我们想要升级系统，我们需要收集诸如内存、BIOS 和 CPU 等信息。借助Dmidecode命令，我们无需打开系统机箱即可了解详细信息。Dmidecode命令适用于RHEL / CentOS / Fedora / Ubuntu Linux。
Dmidecode工具读取DMI（有人称之为SMBIOS）表来获取数据，并以人类可读的格式显示有用的系统信息，如硬件详细信息、序列号和BIOS版本、处理器等。您可能需要 root 权限才能执行 dmidecode 命令。
1. Demidecode 的基本输出
以下是 Demidecode 命令示例输出。
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3).
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
45 structures occupying 1642 bytes.
Table at 0x000E0010.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD
Version: 6.00
Release Date: 12/06/2006
Address: 0xE78A0
Runtime Size: 100192 bytes
ROM Size: 64 kB
Characteristics:
ISA is supported
PCI is supported
PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
PNP is supported
APM is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
ESCD support is available
USB legacy is supported
Smart battery is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
2. 如何获取 DMI 类型
DMI Id为我们提供系统的特定硬件信息。带有选项“ -t ”或“ -type ”和“ Id ”的 Dmidecode 将为我们提供准确的信息。Id 6将为我们提供内存模块信息。
[root@example ~]# dmidecode -t 6
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3).
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x0009, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: RAM socket #0
Bank Connections: 0 1
Current Speed: Unknown
Type: EDO DIMM
Installed Size: 1024 MB (Single-bank Connection)
Enabled Size: 1024 MB (Single-bank Connection)
Error Status: OK
Handle 0x000A, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: RAM socket #1
Bank Connections: 2 3
Current Speed: Unknown
Type: EDO DIMM
Installed Size: Not Installed
Enabled Size: Not Installed
Error Status: OK
Handle 0x000B, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: RAM socket #2
Bank Connections: 4 5
Current Speed: Unknown
Type: EDO DIMM
Installed Size: Not Installed
Enabled Size: Not Installed
Error Status: OK
Handle 0x000C, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: RAM socket #3
Bank Connections: 6 7
Current Speed: Unknown
Type: EDO DIMM
Installed Size: Not Installed
Enabled Size: Not Installed
Error Status: OK
以下是DMI类型的详细信息。
Type Information
----------------------------------------
0 BIOS
1 System
2 Base Board
3 Chassis
4 Processor
5 Memory Controller
6 Memory Module
7 Cache
8 Port Connector
9 System Slots
10 On Board Devices
11 OEM Strings
12 System Configuration Options
13 BIOS Language
14 Group Associations
15 System Event Log
16 Physical Memory Array
17 Memory Device
18 32-bit Memory Error
19 Memory Array Mapped Address
20 Memory Device Mapped Address
21 Built-in Pointing Device
22 Portable Battery
23 System Reset
24 Hardware Security
25 System Power Controls
26 Voltage Probe
27 Cooling Device
28 Temperature Probe
29 Electrical Current Probe
30 Out-of-band Remote Access
31 Boot Integrity Services
32 System Boot
33 64-bit Memory Error
34 Management Device
35 Management Device Component
36 Management Device Threshold Data
37 Memory Channel
38 IPMI Device
39 Power Supply
除了使用“ type_id ”，您还可以使用带有“ -t ”参数的关键字作为 dmidecode 命令。以下是可用关键字的列表。
Keyword Types
------------------------------
bios 0, 13
system 1, 12, 15, 23, 32
baseboard 2, 10
chassis 3
processor 4
memory 5, 6, 16, 17
cache 7
connector 8
slot 9
例如，要获取系统上的缓存信息，您可以执行以下命令而不是 Id 7。
[root@example ~]# dmidecode -t cache
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3).
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x000D, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
Cache Information
Socket Designation: L1 Cache
Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 1
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 16 kB
Maximum Size: 16 kB
Supported SRAM Types:
Burst
Pipeline Burst
Asynchronous
Installed SRAM Type: Asynchronous
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Unknown
System Type: Unknown
Associativity: Unknown
Handle 0x000E, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
Cache Information
Socket Designation: L2 Cache
Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 2
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: External
Installed Size: 0 kB
Maximum Size: 512 kB
Supported SRAM Types:
Burst
Pipeline Burst
Asynchronous
Installed SRAM Type: None
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Unknown
System Type: Unknown
Associativity: Unknown
3.如何获取内存信息
如何获取系统内存信息以及系统支持多少内存？以下命令显示系统最大可支持4GB RAM 。
[root@example ~]# dmidecode -t 16
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3).
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x001D, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: None
Maximum Capacity: 4 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 4
注意：从关键字列表中可以看出内存相关信息ID为5、6、16和17。
4.如何获取 BIOS 信息？
要获取系统的BIOS信息，请运行带有“-t”选项的以下命令。
[root@example ~]# dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3).
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD
Version: 6.00
Release Date: 12/06/2006
Address: 0xE78A0
Runtime Size: 100192 bytes
ROM Size: 64 kB
Characteristics:
ISA is supported
PCI is supported
PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
PNP is supported
APM is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
ESCD support is available
USB legacy is supported
Smart battery is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
5.如何获取制造商、型号和序列号？
要获取有关系统制造商，型号和序列号的信息，请使用以下命令。
[root@example ~]# dmidecode -t system
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
Manufacturer: LENOVO
Product Name: 9637C76
Version: ThinkCentre M55e
Serial Number: L9BT188
UUID: 8015D37A-2F82-DC11-A3FB-8C6E4EBAD5CE
Wake-up Type: AC Power Restored
SKU Number: Not Specified
Family: Not Specified
Handle 0x000F, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
Option 1: Jumper settings can be described here.
Handle 0x0010, DMI type 15, 29 bytes
System Event Log
Area Length: 432 bytes
Header Start Offset: 0x0000
Header Length: 16 bytes
Data Start Offset: 0x0010
Access Method: General-purpose non-volatile data functions
Access Address: 0x0000
Status: Valid, Not Full
Change Token: 0x0000001A
Header Format: Type 1
Supported Log Type Descriptors: 3
Descriptor 1: POST error
Data Format 1: POST results bitmap
Descriptor 2: Single-bit ECC memory error
Data Format 2: Multiple-event
Descriptor 3: Multi-bit ECC memory error
Data Format 3: Multiple-event
Handle 0x0017, DMI type 23, 13 bytes
System Reset
Status: Enabled
Watchdog Timer: Present
Boot Option: Do Not Reboot
Boot Option On Limit: Do Not Reboot
Reset Count: Unknown
Reset Limit: Unknown
Timer Interval: Unknown
Timeout: Unknown
Handle 0x001F, DMI type 32, 20 bytes
System Boot Information
Status:
请从终端或命令提示符运行“ man dmidecode ”以了解有关 dmidecode 的更多信息。