Linux 命令查找系统配置和硬件信息
使用命令行（文本）模式在 Linux 操作系统上查找系统配置的命令是什么？你能告诉我在 Linux 上检查硬件信息的命令吗？
在基于 Linux 的系统上，大多数硬件信息可以从 /proc 文件系统中提取，例如显示 CPU 和内存硬件信息，输入以下cat 命令：
cat /proc/meminfo
cat /proc/cpuinfo
| 教程详细信息 | |
|---|---|
| 难度等级 | 中间的 |
| Root 权限 | 是的 |
| 要求 | Linux 终端 |
| 预计阅读时间 | 17 分钟 |
以下列表总结了从系统获取各种硬件信息的 Linux 命令。打开终端，然后以 root 用户身份输入以下命令。
Linux 显示 cpu 和硬件信息
使用以下任一命令：
# less /proc/cpuinfo
或者
# lscpu
这是我所看到的：
Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 32 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-31 Thread(s) per core: 2 Core(s) per socket: 8 Socket(s): 2 NUMA node(s): 2 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 45 Stepping: 7 CPU MHz: 1999.874 BogoMIPS: 4000.99 Virtualization: VT-x L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 20480K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-7,16-23 NUMA node1 CPU(s): 8-15,24-31
Linux 查看系统中的可用和已用内存
运行以下任一命令来检查 Linux 上的硬件信息：
# cat /proc/meminfo
可以输入 free 命令：
示例输出：
# free
# free -m
# free -mt
# free -gt
total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 32911564 32665848 245716 168592 294192 29324484 -/+ buffers/cache: 3047172 29864392 Swap: 999420 81832 917588
您还可以运行 top/htop/atop 命令来查看已用和可用内存以及 CPU 使用情况等：
# top
# htop
# atop
查找 Linux 服务器支持的 RAM 速度和最大 RAM
运行 dmidecode 命令如下：
示例输出：
# dmidecode --type 17
# lshw -short -C memory
# perl memconf.v3.06.pl -v
memconf: V3.06 17-Feb-2015 http://sourceforge.net/projects/memconf/ hostname: server1 manufacturer: Supermicro model: X9DRi-LN4+/X9DR3-LN4+ (2 X Eight-Core Hyper-Threaded Intel(R) Xeon(R) E5-2650 0 @ 2.00GHz) BusyBox v1.21.1 is, Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS, 64-bit kernel, Linux 3.13.0-46-generic CPU 1: Intel(R) Xeon(R) E5-2650 0 @ 2.00GHz cpu, system freq: 100MHz CPU 2: Intel(R) Xeon(R) E5-2650 0 @ 2.00GHz cpu, system freq: 100MHz Memory Error Correction: Multi-bit ECC Maximum Memory: 786432MB (768GB) P1-DIMMA1 P0_Node0_Channel0_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE P1-DIMMB1 P0_Node0_Channel1_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE P1-DIMMC1 P0_Node0_Channel2_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE P1-DIMMD1 P0_Node0_Channel3_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE P2-DIMME1 P1_Node1_Channel0_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE P2-DIMMF1 P1_Node1_Channel1_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE P2-DIMMG1 P1_Node1_Channel2_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE P2-DIMMH1 P1_Node1_Channel3_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE
Linux 查找当前运行的内核版本
键入以下命令：
# cat /proc/version
示例输出：
Linux version 3.2.0-43-generic (buildd@batsu) (gcc version 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) ) #68-Ubuntu SMP Wed May 15 03:33:33 UTC 2013
可以使用 uname 命令：
# uname -mrs
# uname -a
查找有关 Linux 发行版和版本的信息
使用 lsb_release 命令：
# lsb_release -a
这是我看到的：
No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise
Linux 用户还可以使用以下命令来收集发行版信息：
$ cat /etc/*release*
示例输出：
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)
列出 Linux 上的所有 PCI 设备
要收集 Linux 中连接到硬件的所有 PCI 系统设备，请运行 lspci 命令：
# lspci
示例输出：
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMI2 (rev 07) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 1a (rev 07) 00:01.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 1b (rev 07) 00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 2a (rev 07) 00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 3a in PCI Express Mode (rev 07) 00:04.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 0 (rev 07) 00:04.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 1 (rev 07) 00:04.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 2 (rev 07) 00:04.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 3 (rev 07) 00:04.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 4 (rev 07) 00:04.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 5 (rev 07) 00:04.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 6 (rev 07) 00:04.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 7 (rev 07) 00:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Address Map, VTd_Misc, System Management (rev 07) 00:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Control Status and Global Errors (rev 07) 00:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 I/O APIC (rev 07) 00:11.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation C600/X79 series chipset PCI Express Virtual Root Port (rev 06) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation C600/X79 series chipset MEI Controller #1 (rev 05) 00:16.1 Communication controller: Intel Corporation C600/X79 series chipset MEI Controller #2 (rev 05) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation C600/X79 series chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 06) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation C600/X79 series chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b6) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation C600/X79 series chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 06) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev a6) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation C600/X79 series chipset LPC Controller (rev 06) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation C600/X79 series chipset 6-Port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 06) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation C600/X79 series chipset SMBus Host Controller (rev 06) 00:1f.6 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation C600/X79 series chipset Thermal Management Controller (rev 06) 06:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01) 06:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01) 06:00.2 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01) 06:00.3 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01) 08:01.0 VGA compatible controller: Matrox Electronics Systems Ltd. MGA G200eW WPCM450 (rev 0a) 7f:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 QPI Link 0 (rev 07) 7f:08.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 QPI Link Reut 0 (rev 07) 7f:08.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 QPI Link Reut 0 (rev 07) 7f:09.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 QPI Link 1 (rev 07) 7f:09.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 QPI Link Reut 1 (rev 07) 7f:09.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 QPI Link Reut 1 (rev 07) 7f:0a.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Power Control Unit 0 (rev 07) 7f:0a.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Power Control Unit 1 (rev 07) 7f:0a.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Power Control Unit 2 (rev 07) 7f:0a.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Power Control Unit 3 (rev 07) 7f:0b.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Interrupt Control Registers (rev 07) 7f:0b.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Semaphore and Scratchpad Configuration Registers (rev 07) 7f:0c.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) 7f:0c.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) 7f:0c.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) 7f:0c.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) 7f:0c.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller System Address Decoder 0 (rev 07) 7f:0c.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 System Address Decoder (rev 07) 7f:0d.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) 7f:0d.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) 7f:0d.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) 7f:0d.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) 7f:0d.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller System Address Decoder 1 (rev 07) 7f:0e.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Processor Home Agent (rev 07) 7f:0e.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Processor Home Agent Performance Monitoring (rev 07) 7f:0f.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Registers (rev 07) 7f:0f.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller RAS Registers (rev 07) 7f:0f.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Target Address Decoder 0 (rev 07) 7f:0f.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Target Address Decoder 1 (rev 07) 7f:0f.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Target Address Decoder 2 (rev 07) 7f:0f.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Target Address Decoder 3 (rev 07) 7f:0f.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Target Address Decoder 4 (rev 07) 7f:10.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0-3 Thermal Control 0 (rev 07) 7f:10.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0-3 Thermal Control 1 (rev 07) 7f:10.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller ERROR Registers 0 (rev 07) 7f:10.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller ERROR Registers 1 (rev 07) 7f:10.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0-3 Thermal Control 2 (rev 07) 7f:10.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0-3 Thermal Control 3 (rev 07) 7f:10.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller ERROR Registers 2 (rev 07) 7f:10.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller ERROR Registers 3 (rev 07) 7f:11.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DDRIO (rev 07) 7f:13.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 R2PCIe (rev 07) 7f:13.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Ring to PCI Express Performance Monitor (rev 07) 7f:13.4 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 QuickPath Interconnect Agent Ring Registers (rev 07) 7f:13.5 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Ring to QuickPath Interconnect Link 0 Performance Monitor (rev 07) 7f:13.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Ring to QuickPath Interconnect Link 1 Performance Monitor (rev 07) 80:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 1a (rev 07) 80:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 2a (rev 07) 80:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 3a in PCI Express Mode (rev 07) 80:04.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 0 (rev 07) 80:04.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 1 (rev 07) 80:04.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 2 (rev 07) 80:04.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 3 (rev 07) 80:04.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 4 (rev 07) 80:04.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 5 (rev 07) 80:04.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 6 (rev 07) 80:04.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 7 (rev 07) 80:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Address Map, VTd_Misc, System Management (rev 07) 80:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Control Status and Global Errors (rev 07) 80:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 I/O APIC (rev 07) 81:00.0 RAID bus controller: Adaptec AAC-RAID (rev 09) ff:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 QPI Link 0 (rev 07) ff:08.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 QPI Link Reut 0 (rev 07) ff:08.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 QPI Link Reut 0 (rev 07) ff:09.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 QPI Link 1 (rev 07) ff:09.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 QPI Link Reut 1 (rev 07) ff:09.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 QPI Link Reut 1 (rev 07) ff:0a.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Power Control Unit 0 (rev 07) ff:0a.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Power Control Unit 1 (rev 07) ff:0a.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Power Control Unit 2 (rev 07) ff:0a.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Power Control Unit 3 (rev 07) ff:0b.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Interrupt Control Registers (rev 07) ff:0b.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Semaphore and Scratchpad Configuration Registers (rev 07) ff:0c.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) ff:0c.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) ff:0c.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) ff:0c.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) ff:0c.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller System Address Decoder 0 (rev 07) ff:0c.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 System Address Decoder (rev 07) ff:0d.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) ff:0d.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) ff:0d.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) ff:0d.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Unicast Register 0 (rev 07) ff:0d.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller System Address Decoder 1 (rev 07) ff:0e.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Processor Home Agent (rev 07) ff:0e.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Processor Home Agent Performance Monitoring (rev 07) ff:0f.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Registers (rev 07) ff:0f.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller RAS Registers (rev 07) ff:0f.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Target Address Decoder 0 (rev 07) ff:0f.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Target Address Decoder 1 (rev 07) ff:0f.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Target Address Decoder 2 (rev 07) ff:0f.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Target Address Decoder 3 (rev 07) ff:0f.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Target Address Decoder 4 (rev 07) ff:10.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0-3 Thermal Control 0 (rev 07) ff:10.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0-3 Thermal Control 1 (rev 07) ff:10.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller ERROR Registers 0 (rev 07) ff:10.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller ERROR Registers 1 (rev 07) ff:10.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0-3 Thermal Control 2 (rev 07) ff:10.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0-3 Thermal Control 3 (rev 07) ff:10.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller ERROR Registers 2 (rev 07) ff:10.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller ERROR Registers 3 (rev 07) ff:11.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DDRIO (rev 07) ff:13.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 R2PCIe (rev 07) ff:13.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Ring to PCI Express Performance Monitor (rev 07) ff:13.4 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 QuickPath Interconnect Agent Ring Registers (rev 07) ff:13.5 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Ring to QuickPath Interconnect Link 0 Performance Monitor (rev 07) ff:13.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 Ring to QuickPath Interconnect Link 1 Performance Monitor (rev 07)
如何列出 Linux 上的所有 USB 设备
要在 Linux 上获取 USB 硬件信息，请运行 lsusb 命令：
# lsusb
然后我们会看到所有 USB 设备：
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0557:2221 ATEN International Co., Ltd Winbond Hermon Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
显示连接到 Linux 服务器的所有块设备（硬盘、光驱和其他设备）
要在命令行上获取系统硬盘和块设备硬件详细信息，请运行 lsblk 命令：
# lsblk
然后您将看到如下设备名称：
sda 8:0 1 372.3G 0 disk |-sda1 8:1 1 243M 0 part /boot |-sda2 8:2 1 1K 0 part |-sda5 8:5 1 976M 0 part [SWAP] `-sda6 8:6 1 371.1G 0 part / sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom loop0 7:0 0 4G 0 loop /jails/tmp
/dev/sda 是硬盘名称。
显示已安装的硬盘及大小
想要获取 Linux 上已安装硬盘和 SSD 的完整列表？请尝试使用以下 fdisk 命令以及grep 命令：
# fdisk -l | grep '^Disk /dev/'
# fdisk -l | grep '^Disk /dev/' | grep -v loop
显示有关硬件 RAID 的信息
查看有关 Adaptec 硬件 RAID 的信息：
查看有关 3ware 硬件 RAID 的信息：
# arcconf getconfig DEV
# /usr/StorMan/arcconf getconfig 1
# tw_cli /dev show
# tw_cli /c0 show
向 lshw 问好
lshw 是一个小型命令行工具，用于提取机器硬件配置的详细信息。它可以报告具有 DMI 功能的 x86 或 IA-64 系统以及某些 PowerPC 机器（已知 PowerMac G4 可以工作）的准确内存配置、固件版本、主板配置、CPU 版本和速度、缓存配置、总线速度等：
示例输出：
# lshw | more
# lshw -html > output.htmlq
# lshw -short | less
H/W path Device Class Description ======================================================== system X9DRi-LN4+/X9DR3-LN4+ (To be filled by O.E.M.) /0 bus X9DRi-LN4+/X9DR3-LN4+ /0/0 memory 64KiB BIOS /0/4 processor Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 0 @ 2.00GHz /0/4/5 memory 512KiB L1 cache /0/4/6 memory 2MiB L2 cache /0/4/7 memory 20MiB L3 cache /0/6 processor Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 0 @ 2.00GHz /0/6/9 memory 512KiB L1 cache /0/6/a memory 2MiB L2 cache /0/6/b memory 20MiB L3 cache /0/2f memory System Memory /0/2f/0 memory 4GiB DIMM DDR3 1600 MHz (0.6 ns) /0/2f/1 memory DIMM Synchronous [empty] /0/2f/2 memory DIMM Synchronous [empty] /0/2f/3 memory 4GiB DIMM DDR3 1600 MHz (0.6 ns) /0/2f/4 memory DIMM Synchronous [empty] /0/2f/5 memory DIMM Synchronous [empty] /0/2f/6 memory 4GiB DIMM DDR3 1600 MHz (0.6 ns) .... ... .. /0/1 bridge Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 1a /0/1/0 scsi0 storage AAC-RAID /0/1/0/0.0.0 /dev/sda disk 399GB SCSI Disk /0/1/0/0.0.0/1 /dev/sda1 volume 243MiB Linux filesystem partition /0/1/0/0.0.0/2 /dev/sda2 volume 372GiB Extended partition /0/1/0/0.0.0/2/5 /dev/sda5 volume 976MiB Linux swap / Solaris partition /0/1/0/0.0.0/2/6 /dev/sda6 volume 371GiB Linux filesystem partition /0/1/0/1.0.0 disk SCSI Disk /0/1/0/1.1.0 disk SCSI Disk /0/1/0/1.2.0 disk SCSI Disk /0/1/0/1.3.0 disk SCSI Disk ... .. ... /0/68 scsi5 storage /0/68/0.0.0 /dev/cdrom disk DV-28S-W /1 power PWS-605P-1H /2 vethWKP76N network Ethernet interface /3 veth1N2SWB network Ethernet interface /4 veth8L2A3F network Ethernet interface /5 bond0 network Ethernet interface
转储所有硬件信息
键入以下命令可直接从系统 BIOS 查看主板、CPU、供应商、序列号、RAM、磁盘和其他信息：
# dmidecode | less
示例输出：
# dmidecode 2.12 SMBIOS 2.7 present. 155 structures occupying 7700 bytes. Table at 0x000EC440. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: American Megatrends Inc. Version: 3.0b Release Date: 05/27/2014 Address: 0xF0000 Runtime Size: 64 kB ROM Size: 12288 kB Characteristics: PCI is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed Boot from CD is supported Selectable boot is supported BIOS ROM is socketed EDD is supported Print screen service is supported (int 5h) 8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h) Serial services are supported (int 14h) Printer services are supported (int 17h) ACPI is supported USB legacy is supported BIOS boot specification is supported Function key-initiated network boot is supported Targeted content distribution is supported UEFI is supported BIOS Revision: 3.11 Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes System Information Manufacturer: Supermicro Product Name: X9DRi-LN4+/X9DR3-LN4+ Version: 0123456789 Serial Number: 0123456789 UUID: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-0025902E1590 Wake-up Type: Power Switch SKU Number: To be filled by O.E.M. Family: To be filled by O.E.M. Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes Base Board Information Manufacturer: Supermicro .... .. ... Handle 0x00AB, DMI type 13, 22 bytes BIOS Language Information Language Description Format: Long Installable Languages: 1 en|US|iso8859-1 Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1 Handle 0x00AE, DMI type 127, 4 bytes End Of Table
hwinfo 命令
输入所有命令会占用大量的时间。因此，我们使用 hwinfo 命令来探测 Linux 系统中存在的硬件。输入：
# hwinfo
显示所有磁盘
# hwinfo --disk
获取硬件概览：
# hwinfo --short --block
让我们查看有关 /dev/sda 磁盘的信息：
# hwinfo --disk --only /dev/sda
Inxi 命令
想要在 CLI 上更轻松地完成工作？想要节省时间？因此，尝试使用名为 inxi 命令的 Linux 命令行系统信息脚本将信息转储到屏幕上，运行：
inxi
inxi -Fx
总结
您学习了各种用于打印机器硬件信息的 Linux 命令。请使用 man 命令检查以下资源：
另请参阅完整的 Linux 命令列表，以收集有关 Linux 系统的信息，其中包括10 条用于了解系统的 Linux 命令。
man lscpu
man proc