用于对文件行进行编号的 Shell 脚本

问：如何对文本文件的每一行进行编号？如何编写 shell 脚本来显示添加了行号的文本文件？

答：您不必编写 shell 脚本来向文本文件或代码示例添加数字。您可以使用 nl 命令将每个文件写入屏幕并添加行号。

nl 命令示例

输入以下命令：
$ nl /etc/passwd
示例输出：

     1  root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
     2  daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
     3  bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
     4  sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh
     5  sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
     6  games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh
     7  man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh
     8  lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh
     9  mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/sh
    10  news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh
......
...
    40  quagga:x:119:126:Quagga routing suite,,,:/var/run/quagga/:/bin/false
    41  oracle:x:1004:1004::/usr/lib/oracle/xe:/bin/bash
    42  telnetd:x:112:120::/nonexistent:/bin/false

nl 命令还有更多选项：
$ nl --help
输出：

Usage: nl [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -b, --body-numbering=STYLE      use STYLE for numbering body lines
  -d, --section-delimiter=CC      use CC for separating logical pages
  -f, --footer-numbering=STYLE    use STYLE for numbering footer lines
  -h, --header-numbering=STYLE    use STYLE for numbering header lines
  -i, --page-increment=NUMBER     line number increment at each line
  -l, --join-blank-lines=NUMBER   group of NUMBER empty lines counted as one
  -n, --number-format=FORMAT      insert line numbers according to FORMAT
  -p, --no-renumber               do not reset line numbers at logical pages
  -s, --number-separator=STRING   add STRING after (possible) line number
  -v, --first-page=NUMBER         first line number on each logical page
  -w, --number-width=NUMBER       use NUMBER columns for line numbers
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn.  CC are
two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing
second character implies :.  Type \\ for \.  STYLE is one of:

  a         number all lines
  t         number only nonempty lines
  n         number no lines
  pBRE      number only lines that contain a match for the basic regular
              expression, BRE

FORMAT is one of:

  ln   left justified, no leading zeros
  rn   right justified, no leading zeros
  rz   right justified, leading zeros