Linux 列出硬件信息命令

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如何使用命令行选项获取有关 Linux 服务器的详细硬件信息？查找硬件信息的 Linux 命令是什么？
您可以使用以下任意一种工具来提取机器硬件配置的详细信息：

dmidecode命令 – 查看系统硬件组件的描述，以及其他有用的信息，如序列号和 BIOS 修订版。

教程详细信息
难度等级	中间的
Root 权限	是的
要求	lshw/dmidecode
预计阅读时间	6 分钟

lshw命令 — 列出硬件命令。
ls*命令。
/proc/文件系统

方法 #1 dmidecode 工具

使用 yum 或 apt-get 命令安装 dmidecode 工具。安装后，输入以下命令列出硬件信息：
# dmidecode
示例输出：

SMBIOS 2.6 present.
18 structures occupying 992 bytes.
Table at 0x0009B400.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
        Version: 080016
        Release Date: 04/01/2010
        Address: 0xF0000
        Runtime Size: 64 kB
        ROM Size: 1024 kB
        Characteristics:
                ISA is supported
                PCI is supported
                PNP is supported
                BIOS is upgradeable
                BIOS shadowing is allowed
                ESCD support is available
                Boot from CD is supported
                Selectable boot is supported
                BIOS ROM is socketed
                EDD is supported
                5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
                8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
                Serial services are supported (int 14h)
                Printer services are supported (int 17h)
                CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
                ACPI is supported
                USB legacy is supported
                LS-120 boot is supported
                ATAPI Zip drive boot is supported
                BIOS boot specification is supported
                Targeted content distribution is supported
        BIOS Revision: 8.16

Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
        Manufacturer: ICP / iEi
        Product Name: TS-859 PRO
        Version: V1.0
        Serial Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M.

请参阅我们的文章“无需打开机箱即可从外壳获取有关 BIOS/服务器硬件的信息”以了解更多信息。

方法 #2：lshw 也一样

此工具可报告具有 DMI 功能的 x86 或 IA-64 系统以及某些 PowerPC 机器上的准确内存配置、固件版本、主板配置、CPU 版本和速度、缓存配置、总线速度等。它目前支持 DMI（仅限 x86 和 IA-64）、OpenFirmware 设备树（仅限 PowerPC）、PCI/AGP、CPUID（x86）、IDE/ATA/ATAPI、PCMCIA（仅在 x86 上测试）、SCSI 和 USB。

注意apt-get install lshw：使用“ ”（Debian 和朋友）或“ ”（Red Hat 和朋友）安装 lshw。YMMV yum instal lshw。

列出硬件

在 shell 提示符下输入 lshw：
# lshw | more
或者
# lshw
示例输出：

nas01
    description: Computer
    product: TS-859 PRO (To Be Filled By O.E.M.)
    vendor: ICP / iEi
    version: V1.0
    serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
    width: 64 bits
    capabilities: smbios-2.6 dmi-2.6 vsyscall32
    configuration: boot=normal family=To Be Filled By O.E.M. sku=To Be Filled By O.E.M. uuid=00020003-0004-0005-0006-000700080009
  *-core
       description: Motherboard
       product: TS-859 PRO(Q904)
       vendor: ICP / iEi
       physical id: 0
       version: V1.0
       serial: To be filled by O.E.M.
       slot: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
     *-firmware
          description: BIOS
          vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
          physical id: 0
          version: 080016
          date: 04/01/2010
          size: 64KiB
          capacity: 960KiB

要以紧凑格式列出硬件，请输入：
# lshw -short
示例输出：

H/W path             Device     Class      Description
======================================================
                                system     TS-859 PRO (To Be Filled By O.E.M.)
/0                              bus        TS-859 PRO(Q904)
/0/0                            memory     64KiB BIOS
/0/3                            processor  Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU D510   @ 1.66GHz
/0/3/4                          memory     48KiB L1 cache
/0/3/5                          memory     1MiB L2 cache
/0/8                            memory     2GiB System Memory
/0/8/0                          memory     2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
/0/8/1                          memory     DIMM [empty]
/0/100                          bridge     Atom Processor D4xx/D5xx/N4xx/N5xx DMI Bridge
/0/100/2                        display    Atom Processor D4xx/D5xx/N4xx/N5xx Integrated Graphics Controller
/0/100/2.1                      display    Atom Processor D4xx/D5xx/N4xx/N5xx Integrated Graphics Controller
/0/100/1a                       bus        82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4
/0/100/1a.1                     bus        82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5
/0/100/1a.2                     bus        82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #6
/0/100/1a.7                     bus        82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2
/0/100/1c                       bridge     82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 1
/0/100/1c.1                     bridge     82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 2
/0/100/1c.1/0        eth0       network    82574L Gigabit Network Connection
/0/100/1c.2                     bridge     82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 3
/0/100/1c.2/0        eth1       network    82574L Gigabit Network Connection
/0/100/1c.5                     bridge     82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 6
/0/100/1c.5/0                   storage    JMB363 SATA/IDE Controller
/0/100/1c.5/0.1                 storage    JMB363 SATA/IDE Controller
/0/100/1d                       bus        82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1
/0/100/1d.1                     bus        82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2
/0/100/1d.2                     bus        82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3
/0/100/1d.7                     bus        82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1
/0/100/1e                       bridge     82801 PCI Bridge
/0/100/1f                       bridge     82801IR (ICH9R) LPC Interface Controller
/0/100/1f.2          scsi1      storage    82801IR/IO/IH (ICH9R/DO/DH) 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode]
/0/100/1f.2/0        /dev/sda   disk       2TB ST32000641AS
/0/100/1f.2/0/1      /dev/sda1  volume     40GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/0/2      /dev/sda2  volume     509MiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/0/3      /dev/sda3  volume     500GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/0/4      /dev/sda4  volume     200GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/1        /dev/sdb   disk       2TB ST32000641AS
/0/100/1f.2/1/1      /dev/sdb1  volume     40GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/1/2      /dev/sdb2  volume     509MiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/1/3      /dev/sdb3  volume     500GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/1/4      /dev/sdb4  volume     200GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/2        /dev/sdc   disk       2TB ST32000641AS
/0/100/1f.2/2/1      /dev/sdc1  volume     40GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/2/2      /dev/sdc2  volume     509MiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/2/3      /dev/sdc3  volume     500GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/2/4      /dev/sdc4  volume     200GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/3        /dev/sdd   disk       2TB ST2000DM001-1CH1
/0/100/1f.2/3/1      /dev/sdd1  volume     40GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/3/2      /dev/sdd2  volume     509MiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/3/3      /dev/sdd3  volume     500GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/3/4      /dev/sdd4  volume     200GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0    /dev/sde   disk       2TB ST32000641AS
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0/1  /dev/sde1  volume     40GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0/2  /dev/sde2  volume     509MiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0/3  /dev/sde3  volume     500GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0/4  /dev/sde4  volume     200GiB Linux raid autodetect partition
/0/100/1f.3                     bus        82801I (ICH9 Family) SMBus Controller
/0/1                 scsi10     storage
/0/1/0.0.0           /dev/sdf   disk       515MB SCSI Disk
/0/1/0.0.0/1         /dev/sdf1  volume     491MiB EXT3 volume

要列出系统中的所有磁盘和存储控制器，请键入：
# lshw -class disk -class storage
要以 HTML 格式列出所有网络接口，请输入：
# lshw -html -class network

ls* 命令

使用lspci 命令列出基于 Linux 的系统上的所有 PCI 设备：
# lspci
使用lscpu 命令显示基于 Linux 系统的 CPU 架构信息：
# lscpu
使用lsusb 命令显示基于 Linux 系统的 USB 设备信息：
# lsusb
使用lsscsi 命令列出 Linux 上的 SCSI 设备（或主机）及其属性：
# lsscsi
使用lsb_release 和 uname 命令列出您的发行版和内核版本：
# lsb_release -a # uname -a

方法 #1 dmidecode 工具

方法 #2：lshw 也一样

列出硬件

ls* 命令

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